Wao Chan, el gran general estaba habituado al mando de las tropas, a la dureza de las batallas, pero también a la enseñanza de su gente. No era el momento de hablar de cosas importantes en presencia del emperador si éste no lo solicitaba, pero tampoco podía dejar que su hijo dejara de entender el porqué de las cosas, aunque fuera un adolescente.
Habló a su hijo:
Otro modo de saber el significado de la vida es preguntar a los prohombres y leer lo que los genios de la humanidad opinan, porque ellos dan la solución a los problemas comunes. Lo que pasa es que se define al genio como al que ha contribuido a la sociedad y ha cooperado con ella dejando algún tipo de legado benefactor. Si los individuos no son cooperadores ni se interesan por los demás, si no contribuyen al conjunto, entonces su vida ha resultado fútil y desaparecen sin dejar rastro tras de sí. Solo sobrevive el trabajo de quienes han aportado. Su espíritu continúa y es eterno. Por tanto la respuesta de esta gente viene mediatizada por la misma selección. Preguntamos a quien se ha implicado en la sociedad por el significado de la vida e, indefectiblemente, la respuesta incluye al grupo como parte necesaria.
¿Y los ancianos no pueden enseñar? Pregunto Gong Ji.
Si, queda otro modo de saber, que es preguntar a los ancianos, a quienes en avanzada edad mantienen sus facultades mentales en estado juvenil. Pocos hay que sean preclaros a esas avanzadas edades, pero los hay. Y la pregunta debe ir dirigida hacia la experiencia de la vida y sus enseñanzas. Sin embargo otra vez sucede lo mismo, la experiencia de la vida está íntimamente ligada al grupo y por tanto, la respuesta también.
Parece evidente que en la sociedad el grupo juega un papel fundamental en la vida y en su sentido. De hecho para el hombre la vida misma es grupo. Nace y no vive solo; precisa del entorno en el que debe integrarse. Quizá el mismo nacimiento sea una pista de la dirección a seguir para averiguar la respuesta.
La eterna pregunta que nos hacemos desde que salimos de la casa sin puertas y hasta que volvemos a ella no tiene respuesta única pues tiene miles. Puede formulares de mil maneras desde la poética de Quin Zu:
¿Quién me cruzará las manos
sobre mi pecho tranquilo?
¿Quién llorará mi ausencia?
¿Y quién por mi alma rezará?
Me pregunto ahora
si mi muerte habrá servido
para un fin oculto
para algo o alguien.
Si mi vida de dolor dejó huella
en el odio o en el amor
o en alguien ilusión
o si por el contrario
mi sino solo fue
pasar y no ver
amor ni belleza,
solo crueldad y dolor.
Me pregunto ahora
si vale la pena vivir,
si al final todo ha de ser
olvido, polvo y fin.
hasta la directa y rotunda. Pero solo en ésta se nota claramente la diferencia básica de la actitud del individuo. Siendo la misma la base de la pregunta, la forma condiciona totalmente la búsqueda de la respuesta. ¿Por qué estoy aquí? ¿Para qué estoy aquí? Nacen con el mismo ánimo pero marcan una gran diferencia. La misma que separa Oriente de Occidente. ¿Por qué? implica una integración en el entorno mientras que ¿para qué? un distanciamiento. Podríamos decir que las dos grandes corrientes espirituales provienen de esta simple diferencia en la pregunta.
Y sin embargo ninguna de las dos tiene una respuesta clara contrastable, validable por una mayoría. El hombre es social, gregario y acomodaticio, deja que un grupo piense por él, dedicado a afianzar su posición en la dualidad de querer ser diferente y no poder salir del entorno. Entorno que acepta o no, y solo su fuerza interior le mueve a superar la dualidad de intenciones opuestas o sucumbir a ellas. En ningún caso escapa a la pregunta, solo aplaza la respuesta, acepta la que le deja vivir o se obsesiona con ella, aunque esto último no debe ocurrir más allá de un corto período en el desarrollo de la personalidad.
La cara de desilusión en Gong Ji era patente. Su padre no tenía la respuesta. ¿No se pueda saber entonces por qué vivimos?
Wao, suspiró no sabía si entendería Gong Ji que la pregunta iba más allá de lo que el hombre puede saber, pero intento aclarar algunos puntos:
No hay respuestas ciertas ni inciertas, pero sí indicaciones que acotan el marco en donde encontrar la respuesta válida. Basta con la observación y el análisis de lo que debe contener y caracterizarla:
.- debe ser universal
.- alcanzable a cualquiera, sin distinciones
.- fácil de entender
.- invariable en el tiempo
.- aprehendida en los primeros años (que es cuando se forma la persona)
Es decir, ha de ser consustancial con la persona. Cada una debe llevarla dentro o poder llegar a ella por su propio pie sin necesidad de guías espirituales o iluminados.
Tenemos a un ser gregario y social por debilidad. Capaz de darse cuenta que la unión hace la fuerza y de que él en sí es un elemento de destino en lo universal. Y quizá estas dos afirmaciones contengan o escondan la respuesta. Hay tres elementos fundamentales en el hombre, el primero ya mencionado varias veces es el gregarismo, el segundo la ocupación que le ha llevado a la división del trabajo y el tercero el impulso sexual. No en vanos los primeros instintos son la supervivencia y el sexo, aunque no queda claro si ambos no son dos manifestaciones del mismo.
La respuesta afecta al conjunto y al individuo, no solo a éste; por tanto necesariamente implica la cooperación, la transmisión de la experiencia, la educación en valores fundamentales, como muestran las religiones que son las primeras organizaciones del hombre para encontrar un sentido a la existencia.
Y aún así, nada de esto explica el porqué, pero si acota el para qué: no únicamente, pero si necesariamente para avanzar como grupo, mejorando notablemente con nuestro esfuerzo y saber el entorno inmediato. La división del trabajo permite que cada individuo pueda beneficiarse del de los demás y no tenga que luchar solo para sobrevivir. Esta división es fundamental para la persona y está ligada al deseo innato de perpetrar la especie. De hecho el amor (y el matrimonio) es una trampa de la naturaleza para cooperar en beneficio del bienestar general (el gregarismo de antes, que intervine como tercer elemento constante y fundamental).
En definitiva, lo que tenemos sigue siendo una pregunta eterna sin respuesta conocida. Pero cualquiera que sea la respuesta, ésta ha de contemplar al hombre dentro de un grupo que avanza con mayor o menor velocidad hacia un destino que emana del sitio mismo que la pregunta.
La conclusión lógica es que para saber algo más debemos implicarnos en el entorno o fracasaremos como personas y como entes de conocimiento.
Gong Ji no entendió todo lo que le dijo su padre, pero si entendió que cuando creciera lo que hoy era gris se le aclararía y que la pregunta le perseguiría toda su vida. Si los ancianos no supieron contestarla, él no sabría tampoco, o quizá sí; pero en cualquier caso sabía que solo el grupo tenía sentido y que su misión era mejorar el grupo para que éste pudiera avanzar, donde quiera que los dioses le llevaran.
Ni los chinos con su sabiduría encontraron la razón comentó Pedro, ¿creéis que nosotros podremos hacerlo ahora? Había muchos flecos en el cuento, muchos comentarios a hacer, pero decidimos dar cuenta del filete y del vino, al fin y al cabo todos tendremos la contestación de forma individual más adelante.
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How often do we hear “life is shit”, “nothing is
worth in life, and nothing makes sense”? I heard it also recently said by a
couple of teenagers, 12 or 14 years old, not more. They will have to experience
it. See if life makes sense and if so which one. Find the way. Understand that
it is not the strongest who has to govern and that there is a knowledge behind
all that has to be searched.
The
conversation between the kids reminded me an old story that dealt precisely
about this, the significance of life. I don’t remember it exactly but it is a
Chinese tale occurring during one of the banquets of the emperor Li Fu. In this feast all the noble men and all high
ranked people of the opulent society were present. Gong Ji, the son of Wao the great commander
in chief of the emperor’s army listened attentively. At a certain moment he could
not resist and asked his father why he, the great Wao, was not the emperor that
seemed to be a small unimportant man. It would make sense as it was he who won
all the wars. So why not rule the country? It was not clear to Gong Ji the
sense of the things nor the sense of life and why things happen.
Wao Chan,
the great General was used to command and lead the troops, to the toughness of
the battles but also to teach soldiers in all aspects of life. It was not the
right moment to speak about important matters while the emperor was present
unless the Sun of the Sky asked for it, but neither could he let his son
without understanding the facts of life. He told him:
Gong Ji my
son, to understand the significance of life and how all works, we have to learn
first if this significance is in itself common and unambiguous. Apparently the
significance of something should be common to everybody; but this is not so. We
only have to remember the case of the sibyl of the small religious sect, in a far
away country in the west, that one day brought together all her proselytes and
told them that the end of the world would occur next Wednesday The shocked disciples
sold their properties, spent all the money using it in all possible mundane
pleasures and waited to the fatal day. Of course “next Wednesday” arrived but
nothing happened. Thursday the followers met the sibyl and asked for an
explanation. They rebuked her saying that apart from being the laughing stock
of the others they were now ruined by a false prophecy as the world did not
arrive to its end on Wednesday as she announced. "But my Wednesday is not
your Wednesday," answered the visionary. Thus with a particular meaning the Sibyl
slipped from the challenge because a particular significance can never be
contrasted due to its particularity.
An other
way to understand how life is organized and its significance is to ask all wise
men and read what the great spirits from the past thought, as they give
solution to all common problems. What happens is that what defines a great
spirit, wise man or even genius is somebody that has contributed to mankind and
has left a legacy of welfare. If the people don’t cooperate and show no
interest for the others, if they don’t contribute to the group their life has
had no sense and disappears without letting a trace behind them. Only the work
of who has contributed counts. Their spirit continues and is eternal. This
means that the answers from these people are influenced by the same selection.
We ask to the people that have been implicated with the group, with the
society, for the significance of life. And this indefectibly includes the
group.
And the elderly
people can’t teach? Asked Gong Ji.
Yes, there
is an other way as you say, ask the old people, ask whom at high age maintain
their mental faculties fresh and young. Not many indeed those that in late age
maintain a sound mind, but there are some. The question must be addressed
towards their experience of life and what they have learned. And again we find
the same: their experience is closely tied to the group and so also their
answers.
It seems
evident that within society the group plays a fundamental role in life and in
its sense. In fact for men life exists only within the group. We are born and
do not live alone, we need an environment where to be integrated. Maybe the birth
itself is already a hint for the direction we have to follow to know the
answer.
The
eternal question that we ask ourselves since we exit the house without doors
and till we return to it has not a single answer as it has thousands. It can be
formulated in a multitude of ways, from the poetic form from Quin Zu:
Who will
cross my hands
quiet on
my breast?
Who will
cry my absence
and will
pray for my soul?
I ask
myself now
if my
death will serve
for a
hidden purpose
for
something or someone.
If my
suffering life
left its
mark in hate or love
or in
someone illusion
or if
instead my destiny
was only pass
without
seeing love and beauty
only
cruelty and pain.
I ask
myself now
if life is
worth living
if at the
end all has to be
oblivion
and dust
emptiness.
till the more direct and overwhelming. But only in the
last is clear the basic
difference of the attitude of the individual. Being
the same the base of the question the form conditions completely the search of
the response. Why am I here? What for? Both have the same spirit but make a
huge difference. The same that separates East and West. What
for implies
integration into the environment while Why implies
distancing. We could say that the two great spiritual currents come from this
simple difference in the question.
And still none of the two has a clear answer, contrastable, that can be
validated by a majority. Man is social, gregarious and accomodative. He lets a
group think for him as he is taken between the duality of trying to be
different and not being able to exit from the environment. An environment that
he accepts or not, and only his inner strength moves him to overcome the
opposing intentions or succumb to them. He doesn't escape from the question,
only postpones the answer accepting meanwhile the one that lets him live or
that he converts into an obsession; but if so it will be only for the limited
time he forms the personality.
Gong Ji’s disappointment face
was evident. His father didn’t have the answer. Don’t we know then why we live?
Wao, sighed not knowing if Gong Ji would understand that the question went
beyond what man can know, but he tried to clarify some points:
There are no certain or uncertain answers but there are indications that
show the frame where to find the valid one, simply observing and analyzing what
it should contain and what would be the characteristics:
.
- Should be universal
.
- Attainable to anyone, without distinction
.
- Easy to understand
.
- Time invariant
.
- Seized in the early years (when the person is formed)
That is, it must be consubstantial with the person. Each must carry it
inside or be able to arrive to it alone without enlightened spiritual guides.
We have a gregarious and social animal due to his weakness. Able to realize
that unity is strength and that he itself is a selected element in the
universal. And maybe these two statements contain or hide the answer. There are
three key elements in mankind, the first mentioned several times is the
gregariousness, the second is occupation that has led to the division of labour
and the third the sexual drive. Not in vain the first instincts are survival
and sex, although it is unclear if both aren’t two faces of the same.
The answer affects the group and the individual, not only him; therefore
necessarily involves cooperation, transfer of experience, education in
fundamental values, as shown by the religious organizations who are the first
attempts of men to find a meaning in existence and guarantee cooperation.
And yet, none of this explains why, but limits it: not only, but
necessarily to move forward as a group, significantly improving with our
efforts and knowledge the immediate environment. The division of labour allows
that each individual can benefit from others and has not to struggle just to
survive. This division is fundamental for the person and is linked to the
innate desire to perpetrate the species. In fact love (and marriage) is a trick
of nature to cooperate for the benefit of the general welfare (the
gregariousness we saw before, which appears as a fundamental constant).
At the end what we have is still an eternal question without known answer.
But whatever the answer is, it must contemplate man in a group that moves with
varying speed towards a destination that emanates from the same place as the
question.
The logical conclusion is that in order to know more we need to get
involved with the environment or we will fail as individuals and entities of
knowledge.
Gong Ji did not understand all what his father told him, but knew that when
he would grow up, what today was gray would be clearer and that the question on
why life is as it is and if it has a significance, would be in his head
throughout his life. If the elders were unable to answer, he would not know
better either, or maybe yes, but in any case he knew that only the
group made sense and that his mission was to improve the group so
that it could move forward, wherever the Gods would take them.
If neither the Chinese with his wisdom found the reason, can we do it now?
There are many fringes in the story, many comments to make but, after all
everyone will have his own and particular answer individually later.